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2005
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, F. Liu, Ö. L. Gülder, and W. D. Bachalo, “A calibration-independent laser-induced incandescence technique for soot measurement by detecting absolute light intensity”, Applied Optics, vol. 44, p. 6773-6785, 2005.
K. A. Thomson, Ö. L. Gülder, E. J. Weckman, R. A. Fraser, G. J. Smallwood, and D. R. Snelling, “Soot concentration and temperature measurements in co-annular, nonpremixed CH4/air laminar flames at pressures up to 4 MPa”, Combustion and Flame, vol. 140, p. 222-232, 2005.
2004
D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Determination of the soot absorption function and thermal accommodation coefficient using low-fluence LII in a laminar coflow ethylene diffusion flame”, Combustion and Flame, vol. 136, p. 180-190, 2004.
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, Ö. L. Gülder, and F. Liu, “Small particle analysis by laser induced incandescence”, 2004.
2002
G. J. Smallwood, et al., Concurrent Quantitative Laser-Induced Incandescence and SMPS Measurements of EGR Effects on Particulate Emissions from a TDI Diesel Engine. 2002.
G. J. Smallwood, et al., “Concurrent quantitative laser-induced incandescence and SMPS measurements of EGR effects on particulate emissions form a TDI diesel engine”, SAE Technical Paper Series 2002-01-2715, 2002.
D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Determination of the Soot Absorption Function and Accommodation Coefficient Using Low-Fluence LII”, in Twenty-Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Sapporo, Japan, 2002, p. WIP 3-1354.
F. Liu, H. Guo, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Effects of gas and soot radiation on soot formation in a coflow laminar ethylene diffusion flame”, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 73, p. 409-421, 2002.
D. R. Snelling, K. A. Thomson, G. J. Smallwood, Ö. L. Gülder, E. J. Weckman, and R. A. Fraser, “Spectrally Resolved Measurement of Flame Radiation to Determine Soot Temperature and Concentration”, AIAA Journal, vol. 40, p. 1789-1795, 2002.
2001
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, Ö. L. Gülder, F. Liu, and W. D. Bachalo, “A Calibration-Independent Technique of Measuring Soot by Laser-Induced Incandescence Using Absolute Light Intensity”, in The Second Joint Meeting of the US Sections of the Combustion Institute, Oakland, California, 2001.
G. J. Smallwood, D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Clouds over soot evaporation: Errors in modeling laser-induced incandescence of soot”, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 123, p. 814-818, 2001.
G. J. Smallwood, D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Clouds over Soot Evaporation: Errors in Modeling Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot”, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 123, p. 814-818, 2001.
G. J. Smallwood, D. R. Snelling, S. W. Neill, F. Liu, W. D. Bachalo, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions in the Exhaust of a Diesel Engine”, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Diagnostics and Modeling of Combustion in Internal Combustion Engines (COMODIA), Nagoya, 2001.
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Method and apparatus for applying laser induced incandescence for the determination of particulate measurements”, 2001.
G. J. Smallwood, et al., Transient Particulate Matter Measurements from the Exhaust of a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Automobile. 2001.
2000
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Absolute intensity measurements in laser induced incandescence”, 2000.
D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Evaluation of the nanoscale heat and mass transfer model of the laser-induced incandescence process for excitation intensity prediction”, Proceedings of the 34th National Heat Transfer Conference, p. NHTC2000-12132, 2000.
D. R. Snelling, F. Liu, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, Evaluation of the Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer Model of the Laser-Induced Incandescence: Prediction of the Excitation Intensity. 2000.
D. R. Snelling, et al., In-Situ Real-Time Characterization of Particulate Emissions from a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence. 2000.
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, Ö. L. Gülder, W. D. Bachalo, and S. Sankar, “Soot Volume Fraction Characterization Using the Laser-Induced Incandescence Detection Method”, in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, 2000.
1999
D. R. Snelling, et al., Particulate Matter Measurements in a Diesel Engine Exhaust by Laser-Induced Incandescence and the Standard Gravimetric Procedure. 1999.
D. R. Snelling, K. A. Thomson, G. J. Smallwood, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Two-Dimensional Imaging of Soot Volume Fraction in Laminar Diffusion Flames”, Applied Optics, vol. 38, p. 2478-2485, 1999.
1997
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, I. G. Campbell, J. E. Medlock, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Development and Application of Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) as a Diagnostic for Soot Particulate Measurements”, in AGARD 90th Symposium of the Propulsion and Energetics Panel on Advanced Non-Intrusive Instrumentation for Propulsion Engines, Brussels, Belgium, 1997, p. 23.1-23.9.
D. R. Snelling, G. J. Smallwood, I. G. Campbell, J. E. Medlock, and Ö. L. Gülder, “Development and Application of Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) as a Diagnostic for Soot Particulate Measurements”, Advanced Non-Intrusive Instrumentation for Propulsion Engines AGARD Conference Proceedings, vol. 598, p. 23.21 – 23.29, 1997.